Activité antibactérienne et antifongique in vitro de l’huile essentielle d’Eucalyptus globulus : revue systématique et méta-analyse des concentrations minimales inhibitrices entre 1990 et 2026
Mots-clés :
Eucalyptus globulus ; huile essentielle ; 1,8-cinéole ; activité antimicrobienne ; CMI, Eucalyptus globulus; essential oil; 1,8-cineole; antimicrobial activity; MICRésumé
L’huile essentielle d’Eucalyptus globulus, généralement riche en monoterpènes et souvent dominée par le 1,8-cinéole, présente un intérêt pour son potentiel antimicrobien, mais les niveaux d’activité rapportés varient selon le chimiotype, le procédé d’extraction, le microorganisme et les conditions expérimentales. Cette revue systématique et méta-analyse exploratoire visait à synthétiser les données publiées entre 1990 et le 20 juillet 2026 sur les concentrations minimales inhibitrices, bactéricides et fongicides (CMI, CMB et CMF), les zones d’inhibition, la composition chimique, la teneur en 1,8-cinéole, l’origine des huiles, les méthodes d’extraction et les antimicrobiens de référence. Une cartographie de 129 références PubMed a été réalisée ; 35 publications ont été retenues comme directement pertinentes ou prioritaires et 16 études ont fait l’objet d’une extraction approfondie. Les unités d’origine ont été conservées lorsqu’aucune conversion fiable n’était possible. Pour neuf estimations de CMI contre le MRSA exprimées en mg/mL, la médiane était de 4,0 mg/mL (IQR : 0,33–10), avec une moyenne géométrique exploratoire de 2,10 mg/mL. La teneur en 1,8-cinéole variait de 10,95 à 95,61 %. L’huile essentielle d’E. globulus montre ainsi une activité antibactérienne et antifongique in vitro, mais l’hétérogénéité chimique et méthodologique empêche de définir une CMI universelle et souligne la nécessité de méthodes d’essai et de caractérisation mieux standardisées
Abstract
In Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations from 1990 to 2026
Eucalyptus globulus essential oil, generally rich in monoterpenes and frequently dominated by 1,8-cineole, has attracted interest because of its antimicrobial potential, although reported activity varies with chemotype, extraction procedure, test organism, and experimental conditions. This systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence published between 1990 and 20 July 2026 on minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations (MIC, MBC, and MFC), inhibition zones, chemical composition, 1,8-cineole content, oil origin, extraction methods, and reference antimicrobials. An initial map of 129 PubMed-indexed records was prepared; 35 publications were considered directly relevant or high priority and 16 studies underwent detailed extraction. Original units were retained when reliable conversion was not possible. For nine comparable MRSA MIC estimates expressed in mg/mL, the median was 4.0 mg/mL (IQR 0.33–10), with an exploratory geometric mean of 2.10 mg/mL. Reported 1,8-cineole content ranged from 10.95% to 95.61%. Overall, E. globulus essential oil shows in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity, but chemical and methodological heterogeneity prevents definition of a universal MIC and supports the need for better standardization of oil characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility-testing procedures.
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