Key principles of international law regulating the protection of industrial property in DRC
Mots-clés :
Propriété industrielle, principe des droits de propriété, nation la plus favorisée, territorialité, Industrial property, principle of property rights, most favored nation, territorialityRésumé
Cet article traite des principes clés du droit international qui régissent la protection des droits de propriété industrielle en RDC. Généralement contenus dans des instruments juridiques ayant des effets contraignants pour la RDC (Convention de Paris et Accords ADPIC) et qui fonctionnent dans un système de complémentarité, les principes auxquels il est fait référence sont le traitement national, la nation la plus favorisée, la territorialité, l'indépendance de l'État des droits de propriété industrielle et le principe des droits de priorité. Sur le fondement de leurs contenus, les États contractants ont l'obligation d'adopter des lois dans leurs systèmes juridiques nationaux respectifs pour mettre en œuvre ces principes généraux et stratégies de protection en termes de norme minimale de protection.
Afin de se conformer à cette obligation, la RDC a adopté une loi, jugée lacunaire, qui traite des questions liées aux droits de propriété industrielle. En dépit de la période transitoire accordée par l’OMPI à la RDC, cette dernière peine toujours à se conformer aux exigences des Accords ADPIC. A cet égard, certains chercheurs considèrent, d'une part, que la RDC ne fournit pas assez d’efforts pour rendre effectifs les droits de propriété industrielle et réclament, d'autre part, l'application de la réciprocité aux ressortissants congolais vivant à l'étranger comme moyen de la contraindre à se conformer à son obligation internationale découlant des instruments sus-évoqués.
Abstract
This work deals with key principles of international law that regulate the protection of industrial property rights in the DRC. Generally contained in legal instruments with binding effects to DRC (Paris convention and TRIPS agreement) and that work in a complementarity system, principles referred to, are the national and most-favored nation treatment, the territoriality, state independence of industrial property rights and the priority rights principle. According to their contents, contracting States have obligation to adopt laws in their respective national legal systems to implement those general principles and strategies of protection in term of minimum standard of protection.
In search of complying with such obligation, DRC adopted a law that addresses issues related to industrial property rights. However, it still lacks serious conformity with TRIPS Agreement requirements despite the transitory period granted by the WIPO. Regarding to that, some scholars consider, on the one hand, that DRC is still on the way to make industrial property rights effective and claim, on the other hand, application of reciprocity to Congolese nationals living abroad as a way to force DRC to quickly conform with its obligation related to industrial property rights (even if prohibited by the Paris convention) As a recommendation, DRC’s authority have to make legal effort to comply with these requirements for the good of Congolese citizens and as a way to avoid any issue of international responsibility based on industrial property rights.
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(c) Tous droits réservés Parcours et Initiatives : Revue interdisciplinaire du Graben (PIRIG) 2023

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