Analyse de la chaîne de valeur du cacao (Theobroma cacao) à Bingo et Beni, République Démocratique du Congo
Mots-clés :
Cacao, Chaîne de valeur, Transformation locale, Marchés certifiés, RDC, Cocoa, Value chain, Local transformation, Certified markets, BingoRésumé
Cette étude analyse la chaîne de valeur du cacao à Bingo et Beni (Nord-Kivu, RDC) afin d'identifier les contraintes et opportunités pour améliorer les revenus des producteurs locaux.
À travers une enquête menée auprès de 106 acteurs (producteurs, transformateurs, commerçants, coopératives, ONG), les résultats montrent que la majorité des producteurs vendent le cacao à l'état brut, sans transformation ni certification, à des intermédiaires locaux.
Le prix moyen varie entre de 6,5 USD à Bingo auprès des producteurs et 7, 25 USD à Beni auprès des acheteurs locaux. Le revenu moyen par producteur s'élève à environ 1 061 USD à Bingo et pour les acheteurs locaux de 989 USD à Béni et 1 095 USD à Butembo.
Cependant, les coûts de production restent élevés, limitant la rentabilité. Le profit moyen pour la saison culturale est de 510 USD à Bingo et 480 USD à Béni, traduisant une marge bénéficiaire réduite par l'absence de transformation locale, le manque d'accès aux marchés structurés, et la dépendance à des circuits informels. Les principaux obstacles à la compétitivité incluent l'insécurité, le déficit d'infrastructures de post-récolte (séchage, fermentation), et l'absence d'accompagnement technique. Moins de 30 % des producteurs ont accès au crédit, et 55% bénéficient d'un encadrement technique. Malgré cela, une majorité des producteurs expriment leur volonté d'intégrer des coopératives, de suivre des formations, et d'accéder à des marchés certifiés. L'étude recommande une approche intégrée, articulée autour de la structuration, la certification, et le soutien institutionnel.
Abstract
This study analyzes the cocoa value chain in Bingo and Beni (North Kivu, DRC) to identify key constraints and opportunities for improving the incomes of local producers.
Based on a survey of 106 actors including producers, processors, traders, cooperatives, and NGOs the findings reveal that most producers sell raw, uncertified cocoa to local intermediaries, limiting added value.
The average selling price is USD 6.5 in Bingo and USD 7.25 in Beni, while average producer income is approximately USD 1,061 in Bingo, and buyer income ranges from USD 989 in Beni to USD 1,095 in Butembo.
High production costs significantly reduce profitability, with average seasonal profits estimated at USD 510 in Bingo and USD 480 in Beni. Major constraints include the lack of local processing, poor access to structured markets, insecurity, weak post-harvest infrastructure, and limited technical support. Only 30% of producers have access to credit, and 55% receive technical assistance. Nevertheless, the majority of producers show strong interest in joining cooperatives, receiving training, and accessing certified markets. The study recommends an integrated approach focused on producer organization, certification, and institutional support to strengthen the competitiveness and resilience of the cocoa value chain.
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