Matière sèche, HCN et NPK des tubercules de manioc soumis à différentes doses du NPK

Serge Kasereka Masimengo; Musongora Kambale Muyisa; Yves Mbusa Kamavu; Nelly Lwanzo Kisonia; Joseph Emmanuel Kakule Vyakuno; Walere Muhindo Sahani; Gilbert Paluku Mutiviti

doi:10.57988/crig-2495

Auteurs

Serge Kasereka Masimengo Institut Supérieur d’Études Agronomiques, Vétérinaires et Forestières de Butembo
Musongora Kambale Muyisa Université Catholique du Graben
Yves Mbusa Kamavu Université Officielle de Semuliki
Nelly Lwanzo Kisonia Université Catholique du Graben
Joseph Emmanuel Kakule Vyakuno Université Catholique du Graben
Walere Muhindo Sahani Université Catholique du Graben
Gilbert Paluku Mutiviti Université Catholique du Graben

Mots-clés :

Manioc, fertilisation, matière sèche, cyanure d’hydrogène;, Cassava, fertilization, dry matter, hydrocyanide

Résumé

Cette étude a évalué l'effet des fractions de doses d'engrais sur la teneur en matière sèche, en HCN (cyanure d’hydrogène) et azote, phosphore et potassium dans les racines de manioc. La teneur en matière sèche a été significativement élevée à Maboya (53,4 %) comparativement à Kirumba (48 %) et Bingo (40,6 %), alors que le taux de cyanure d’hydrogène a été plus élevé à Bingo (7,4 mg/100g de matière sèche) comparativement à Kirumba (5,8 mg/100g de matière sèche) et à Maboya (5,6 mg/100g de matière sèche). La teneur en N, P et K des racines de manioc a été la plus élevée à Kirumba (1,5 %, 2,3 mg/100g de matière sèche, 35 mg/100g de matière sèche; respectivement), suivi de Bingo (1,03 %, 1,97 mg/100g de matière sèche, 31,7 mg/100g de matière sèche ; respectivement) et Maboya (0,6 %, 1,97 mg/100g de matière sèche, 33,6 mg/100g de matière sèche ; respectivement). Les doses élevées d’azote (90 kg/ha) en présence des doses croissantes de potassium (40, 80 et 120 kg/ha) ont induit des teneurs en matière sèche et NPK les plus élevées dans les racines de manioc. Cependant, les faibles doses d’engrais azotés (40 et 60 kg/ha) en présence des doses croissantes de potassium (120 et 80 kg/ha) ont induit les plus fortes teneurs en cyanure d’hydrogène. Une dose de 90 kg/ha d’azote associée à 120 kg/ha de potassium serait un compromis idéal pour produire le manioc de faible teneur en cyanure d’hydrogène si le phosphore n’est pas limitant.

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of fractional doses of fertilizers on the dry matter, HCN and NPK content of cassava roots. The dry matter content was significantly higher in Maboya (53.4 %) compared to Kirumba (48 %) and Bingo (40.6 %) while the hydrogen cyanide content was the highest in Bingo (7.4 mg/100g) compared to Kirumba (5.8 mg/100g) and Maboya (5.6 mg/100g dry matter). The N, P and K content of cassava roots were highest in Kirumba (1.5 %, 2.3 mg/100g dry matter, 35 mg/100g dry matter; respectively), followed by Bingo (1.03 %, 1.97 mg/100g dry matter, 31.7 mg/100g dry matter; respectively) and Maboya (0.6 %, 1.97 mg/100g dry matter, 33.6 mg/100g dry matter; respectively). High doses of nitrogen (90 kg/ha) in the presence of increasing doses of potassium (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) induced highest dry matter and NPK content in cassava roots. However, low doses of nitrogenous fertilizers (40 and 60 kg/ha) in the presence of increasing doses of potassium (120 and 80 kg/ha) induced the highest HCN levels. The 90 kg/ha combined with 120 kg/ha of potassium would be an ideal tradeoff to produce cassava with low hydrogen cyanide if phosphorus is not limiting.

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